Trachiostomy

Indications     The long-term ventilation for more than 21 days     The airway obstruction; for example, by injury or tumors     The advantages over a trans laryngeal intubation. Advantages     The avoidance of damage to the arytenoid cartilages     The avoidance of mucosal lesions on the vocal cords, trachea and mouth and nose     A lower airway resistance (decrease the work of breathing)     A smaller dead space     The...

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Community based Screening programme in Primary HealthCare(PHC) institutions to tackle Non Communicable Disease(NCD)

Community based Screening programme in Primary HealthCare(PHC) institutions to tackle Non Communicable Disease(NCD) burden in Sri nLankaDr Thalatha Liyanage,M.B.B.S., D.F.M., MSc &M.D (Com.Med)Director NCD, Ministry of Health BackgroundIn Sri Lanka, 71% of annual deaths are due to chronic NCDs.Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes, Cancers and Chronic Respiratory diseases are rapidly increasing over the last few decades accounted for 29.6%, 9.4%, 3.9% and 8.5% of mortalityrespectively. Risk factors;...

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Bladder outflow obstruction and Lower Urinary Track Symptoms

A 74 year old gentlemen who is diagnosed to have benign prostatic hyperplasia  presented with inability to pass urine and suprapubic pain. On examination there is an abdominal lump arising from the pelvis up to the level of umbilicus. X-ray KUB He is having bladder outflow track obstruction caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia complicated by acute retention of urine and stone formation. Bladder outflow tract obstruction What are the...

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Vegetarian Diet - Good or Bad

In these days lot of people's try to be a vegetarian. But there are several facts towards it and against it. This space is for your ideas. Leave your thoughts on comments....

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TNM Classification for Breast Carcinoma

TNM Classification for Breast Carcinoma TNM Classification is developed and maintain by UICC ( Union for International Cancer Control ) and it used to classify tumors by anatomical stage. This classification help to determine in management and prognosis. Tumor T1       Up to              2 cm Greatest dimension T2       Between         2-5 cm Greatest dimension T3       More than     ...

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SIRS, Sepsis, Sever Sepsis, Septic Shock, Septicaemia, Bactiraemia Definition with Mnemonics

SIRS Mnemonics SIRS is a pro-inflammatory condition which does not include documented source of infection. Any two or more of the following signs indicate Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS). Features of SIRS can memorize as HRT (hormonal replacement therapy) for Women.  H- Heart Rate                            >90 beats per minute R- Respiratory Rate                   >20 beats per minute T- Temperature  ...

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Pancreatitis Mnemonics : Causes, Severity

Pancreatitis : Mnemonics Causes for pancreatitis : Mnemonics Idiopathic Gallstones (38%) Ethanol (35%)Tumours  (peri-ampullary tumour, pancreatic carcinoma)       Scorpion venomsMumpsAutoimmune (SLE, Polyarteritis nodosa)Surgery and trauma Post surgical (cardiac surgery), Blunt trauma to abdomen, Penetrating peptic ulcer Hyperlipidemia, Hypercalcemia. HypothermiaERCP or EmboliDrugs Azathioprine, Corticosteroids,...

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Anesthesia Wall Charts

Anesthesia Wall Charts  I usually like to get maximum knowledge within a short time, so i practice to refer these kind of docs rather than reading lot of books. Also it is easy to memorize. So today i am going to publish some wall charts. It will give you quick review and help you to get an idea to manage these conditions. Note,  Do not save as pictures. Open the document and download.   Acute Post Operative pain Anaphylaxis Difficult...

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Merit order list of MBBS graduates in Sri Lanka. Final MBBS repeatExamination for 2006/2007 intake

Merit order list of MBBS graduates in Sri Lanka. Final MBBS repeat Examination for 2006/2007 intake  ...

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Constipation - How to relieve - Easy Tips

Constipation define as infrequent bowel moments (</= 3 time per week) or passing stools less often than the person's own normal habit, or with difficulty staining, or pain. Constipation is not an uncommon condition in population. It is two time common in female than male.   Causes of  Constipation Poor  diet Lack of exercise Old age Reduced water intake Fearsome, dirty toilets   Although there are many...

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Chest x-ray - mnemonics - Pulmonary edema

Alveolar edema (bat's wing or butterfly) These are pulmonary opacities seen in bilateral perihilar areas. Outer third of the lung usually spared in pulmonary edema. Kerley B lines Kerley B lines are short (1-2 cm) horizontal linear shadows, perpendicular to the pleura, seen close to costo pherenic angles caused by thickened interlobular septae, due to accumulation of fluid (transudate). Other than pulmonary edema rare causes of kerley B...

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Would your child be able to survive if he/she fell into water

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Snake Bite.....Prevention and First Aid

Most snakes avoid people if possible and bite only when threatened or surprised and most of snakes are not poisons. To prevent snakebite Avoid places where snakes may live. (tall grass or brush, rocky areas, bluffs, marshes, and deep holes in the ground) When moving through places where snakes may live, poke at the ground in front of you with a long stick to scare away snakes.  Watch carefully your step and where you sit when outdoors. Wear...

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Dancing doctors making ill children smile at Sydney Children's Hospital

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Delusional Perception

Delusional Perception Delusional perception is the misinterpretation of the significance of something perceived normally. For example, a person may be convinced that the particular color of books on a table indicates that he is going to die. Delusional perception is a symptom that come under Schneider's first rank symptoms of schizophrenia. Having this symptom push the diagnosis more toward the schizophrenia.    ...

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Hypersensitivity Reaction - Mnemonic

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How to use a insulin pen.

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Mnemonic for social history

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Thought Block

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Respiratory system Examination

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Catatonia, Waxy flexibility, Opposition, Negativism

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Acute dystonia, Extrapyramidal side effect of antypsychotic

Sustained, often painful muscular spasms,producing twisted abnormal postures. This usually occur within few hours to few days. Reversible and self limiting. Management   Reduce the dose or change to a atypical antypsychotic.  Emergency treatment with IM or IV anticholinergic (benzatropi...

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Childhood Obesity

Obesity is a common problem affecting children and adolescents. This is a result of both increased intake of energy-dense foods (high-fat diet, fast foods) and reduced exercise. Energy expenditure has fallen as a result of an increase in sedentary behavior. Children spent lot of time in front of computers and television. They have less chance to play outdoor games due to competitive education and extra classes. Other causes of obesity are...

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HEAT test for URINARY PROTEIN....Method of doing and reading at HOME

To perform the heat test, two thirds of a test tube is filled with urine. It is held at a slant and the lower half of the tube is heated until boiling point. If turbidity appears, two drops of 10% acetic acid (vinergar) are added to exclude the possible presence of phosphates. If this turbidity due to phosphate, turbidity will disappear after adding acid. The degree of turbidity is read against a background of black print. Proteinuria is graded...

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Patient and Parent Education about NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

What you should know about Nephrotic syndrome...... In nephrotic syndrome lot of protein pass through kidneys result in a low plasma protein (albumin) and oedema (body swelling). PrognosisOne third of children resolve directly, another one third continue with infrequent attacks and other one third become Steroid dependent (two consecutive relapses occurring during corticosteroid therapy or within fourteen days after its cessation). 10%- 15% of children become steroid resistant.Reassurance that progression to end stage renal failure is extremely...

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